Source:Brown:Nahom and the "Eastward" Turn:JBMS 12:1 - Revision history

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	==The location of Arabian NHM is in the correct location for the "Eastward turn" toward Bountiful ==		==The location of Arabian NHM is in the correct location for the "Eastward turn" toward Bountiful ==

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	The case for Nahom, or NHM, in this area is made even more tight by recent study. It has become clearly apparent from Nephi's note—"we did travel nearly eastward" from Nahom (1 Nephi 17:1)—that he and his party not only had stayed in the NHM tribal area, burying Ishmael there, but also were following or shadowing the incense trail, a trading road that by then offered an infrastructure of wells and fodder to travelers and their animals. From the general region of the NHM tribe, all roads turned east. How so? Across the Ramlat Sabcatayn desert, east of this tribal region and east of Marib, lay the city of Shabwah, now in ruins. By ancient Arabian law, it was to this city that all incense harvested in the highlands of southern Arabia was carried for inventorying, weighing, and taxing. In addition, traders made gifts of incense to the temples at Shabwah.<ref>Brown: "On these ancient laws, see Nigel Groom, Frankincense and Myrrh: A Study of the Arabian Incense Trade (London: Longman Group Ltd., 1981), 169–70, 181, 183–84. Concerning the taxation of incense and the gifts to the temples, see Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 12.32 ( §63)."</ref> After this process, traders loaded the incense and other goods onto camels and shipped them toward the Mediterranean and Mesopotamian areas, traveling at first westward and then, after reaching the edges of the region of the NHM tribe, turning northward (these directions are exactly opposite from those that Nephi and his party followed). Even the daunting shortcuts across the Ramlat Sabcatayn desert, which left travelers without water for 150 miles, ran generally east-west. What is important for our purposes is the fact that the "eastward" turn of Nephi's narrative does not show up in any known ancient source, including Pliny the Elder's famous description of the incense-growing lands of Arabia. In a word, no one knew of this eastward turn in the incense trail except persons who had traveled it or who lived in that territory. This kind of detail in the Book of Mormon narrative, combined with the reference to Nahom, is information that was unavailable in Joseph Smith's day and thus stands as compelling evidence of the antiquity of the text.<ref>S. Kent Brown, [~~http~~://publications.~~maxwellinstitute~~.byu.edu/fullscreen/?pub=1402&index=13 "Nahom and the 'Eastward' Turn,"] ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'' 12:1 (2003)</ref>		The case for Nahom, or NHM, in this area is made even more tight by recent study. It has become clearly apparent from Nephi's note—"we did travel nearly eastward" from Nahom (1 Nephi 17:1)—that he and his party not only had stayed in the NHM tribal area, burying Ishmael there, but also were following or shadowing the incense trail, a trading road that by then offered an infrastructure of wells and fodder to travelers and their animals. From the general region of the NHM tribe, all roads turned east. How so? Across the Ramlat Sabcatayn desert, east of this tribal region and east of Marib, lay the city of Shabwah, now in ruins. By ancient Arabian law, it was to this city that all incense harvested in the highlands of southern Arabia was carried for inventorying, weighing, and taxing. In addition, traders made gifts of incense to the temples at Shabwah.<ref>Brown: "On these ancient laws, see Nigel Groom, Frankincense and Myrrh: A Study of the Arabian Incense Trade (London: Longman Group Ltd., 1981), 169–70, 181, 183–84. Concerning the taxation of incense and the gifts to the temples, see Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 12.32 ( §63)."</ref> After this process, traders loaded the incense and other goods onto camels and shipped them toward the Mediterranean and Mesopotamian areas, traveling at first westward and then, after reaching the edges of the region of the NHM tribe, turning northward (these directions are exactly opposite from those that Nephi and his party followed). Even the daunting shortcuts across the Ramlat Sabcatayn desert, which left travelers without water for 150 miles, ran generally east-west. What is important for our purposes is the fact that the "eastward" turn of Nephi's narrative does not show up in any known ancient source, including Pliny the Elder's famous description of the incense-growing lands of Arabia. In a word, no one knew of this eastward turn in the incense trail except persons who had traveled it or who lived in that territory. This kind of detail in the Book of Mormon narrative, combined with the reference to Nahom, is information that was unavailable in Joseph Smith's day and thus stands as compelling evidence of the antiquity of the text.<ref>S. Kent Brown, [https://publications.mi.byu.edu/fullscreen/?pub=1402&index=13 "Nahom and the 'Eastward' Turn,"] ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'' 12:1 (2003)</ref>
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	==The location of Arabian NHM is in the correct location for the "Eastward turn" toward Bountiful ==		==The location of Arabian NHM is in the correct location for the "Eastward turn" toward Bountiful ==

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	[[Category:Nahom]]		[[Category:Nahom]]
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The location of Arabian NHM is in the correct location for the "Eastward turn" toward Bountiful

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RogerNicholson: /* The location of Arabian NHM is in the correct location for the "Eastward turn" toward Bountiful */

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The location of Arabian NHM is in the correct location for the "Eastward turn" toward Bountiful

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RogerNicholson: /* The location of Arabian NHM is in the correct location for the "Eastward turn" toward Bountiful */

2014-10-22T15:20:10Z

The location of Arabian NHM is in the correct location for the "Eastward turn" toward Bountiful

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	~~In one instance, however, Nephi does preserve a local name, that of~~ Nahom, ~~the burial place of Ishmael~~, ~~his father-~~in~~-law~~. Nephi ~~writes~~ in the ~~passive~~, "the ~~place which was called Nahom~~,~~" clearly indicating~~ that ~~local people had already named~~ the ~~place~~. ~~That~~ this ~~area~~ lay in ~~southern Arabia has been certified by recent Journal publications~~ that ~~have featured three inscribed limestone altars discovered by a German archaeological team~~ in the ~~ruined temple~~ of ~~Bar'an in Marib~~, ~~Yemen~~.~~2 Here a person finds~~ the ~~tribal name NHM noted on all three altars~~, ~~which were donated by a certain "Bicathar~~, ~~son~~ of ~~Sawâd~~, ~~son~~ of ~~Nawcân~~, the ~~Nihmite." (In Semitic languages~~, ~~one deals with consonants rather than vowels~~, ~~in this case NHM~~.)		The case for Nahom, or NHM, in this area is made even more tight by recent study. It has become clearly apparent from Nephi's note—"we did travel nearly eastward" from Nahom (1 Nephi 17:1)—that he and his party not only had stayed in the NHM tribal area, burying Ishmael there, but also were following or shadowing the incense trail, a trading road that by then offered an infrastructure of wells and fodder to travelers and their animals. From the general region of the NHM tribe, all roads turned east. How so? Across the Ramlat Sabcatayn desert, east of this tribal region and east of Marib, lay the city of Shabwah, now in ruins. By ancient Arabian law, it was to this city that all incense harvested in the highlands of southern Arabia was carried for inventorying, weighing, and taxing. In addition, traders made gifts of incense to the temples at Shabwah.<ref>Brown: "On these ancient laws, see Nigel Groom, Frankincense and Myrrh: A Study of the Arabian Incense Trade (London: Longman Group Ltd., 1981), 169–70, 181, 183–84. Concerning the taxation of incense and the gifts to the temples, see Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 12.32 ( §63)."</ref> After this process, traders loaded the incense and other goods onto camels and shipped them toward the Mediterranean and Mesopotamian areas, traveling at first westward and then, after reaching the edges of the region of the NHM tribe, turning northward (these directions are exactly opposite from those that Nephi and his party followed). Even the daunting shortcuts across the Ramlat Sabcatayn desert, which left travelers without water for 150 miles, ran generally east-west. What is important for our purposes is the fact that the "eastward" turn of Nephi's narrative does not show up in any known ancient source, including Pliny the Elder's famous description of the incense-growing lands of Arabia. In a word, no one knew of this eastward turn in the incense trail except persons who had traveled it or who lived in that territory. This kind of detail in the Book of Mormon narrative, combined with the reference to Nahom, is information that was unavailable in Joseph Smith's day and thus stands as compelling evidence of the antiquity of the text.<ref>S. Kent Brown, [http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/fullscreen/?pub=1402&index=13 "Nahom and the 'Eastward' Turn,"] ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'' 12:1 (2003)</ref>
	<br>
	~~Such discoveries demonstrate as firmly as possible by archaeological means~~ the ~~existence~~ of the ~~tribal name~~ NHM in that ~~part of Arabia in~~ the ~~seventh and sixth centuries BC~~, the ~~general dates assigned to~~ the ~~carving~~ of the ~~altars by~~ the ~~excavators~~.3 In the ~~view~~ of ~~one recent commentator,~~ the ~~discovery~~ of the ~~altars amounts~~ to ~~"the first actual archaeological~~ evidence ~~for~~ the ~~historicity~~ of the ~~Book of Mormon~~."<ref>S. Kent Brown, [http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/fullscreen/?pub=1402&index=13 "Nahom and the 'Eastward' Turn,"] ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'' 12:1 (2003)</ref>
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|title=The location of Arabian NHM is in the correct location for the "Eastward turn" toward Bountiful
|category=Book of Mormon/Anthropology/Language/Names
|catname=Book of Mormon Names
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==The location of Arabian NHM is in the correct location for the "Eastward turn" toward Bountiful ==
S. Kent Brown:
<blockquote>
In one instance, however, Nephi does preserve a local name, that of Nahom, the burial place of Ishmael, his father-in-law. Nephi writes in the passive, "the place which was called Nahom," clearly indicating that local people had already named the place. That this area lay in southern Arabia has been certified by recent Journal publications that have featured three inscribed limestone altars discovered by a German archaeological team in the ruined temple of Bar'an in Marib, Yemen.2 Here a person finds the tribal name NHM noted on all three altars, which were donated by a certain "Bicathar, son of Sawâd, son of Nawcân, the Nihmite." (In Semitic languages, one deals with consonants rather than vowels, in this case NHM.)
<br>
Such discoveries demonstrate as firmly as possible by archaeological means the existence of the tribal name NHM in that part of Arabia in the seventh and sixth centuries BC, the general dates assigned to the carving of the altars by the excavators.3 In the view of one recent commentator, the discovery of the altars amounts to "the first actual archaeological evidence for the historicity of the Book of Mormon."<ref>S. Kent Brown, [http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/fullscreen/?pub=1402&index=13 "Nahom and the 'Eastward' Turn,"] ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'' 12:1 (2003)</ref>
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{{endnotes sources}}

[[Category:Nahom]]

Source:Brown:Nahom and the "Eastward" Turn:JBMS 12:1 - Revision history

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RogerNicholson: /* The location of Arabian NHM is in the correct location for the "Eastward turn" toward Bountiful */

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