Joseph Smith/Poligamia/Esposas plurais/Marinda Nancy Johnson Hyde/As circunstâncias de seu casamento plural

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Circunstâncias de seu casamento plural

  NEEDS TRANSLATION  


Pergunta: Enviou Joseph Smith homens a missão para que pudesse secretamente casar-se com suas esposas enquanto estavam longe?

Esta afirmação é desmentida pelos dados históricos

Alega-se que Joseph Smith enviou homens para longe em uma missão para que ele pudesse se casar secretamente suas esposas enquanto eles estavam fora.

Pesquisador Brian C. Hales, que esta alegação não tem fundamento:

Outro detalhe em Pittsburgh depoimento [John C.] de Bennett é que o Profeta havia enviado homens em missões para que ele pudesse se casar com suas mulheres em Nauvoo. Esta declaração é contrariada por dados históricos. Dos doze maridos "poliândricas" identificados por Todd Compton, dez não foram em missões no momento Joseph foi selado para suas esposas legais. Das duas exceções possíveis, apenas um, Orson Hyde, está documentada como em uma missão no momento da vedação de Marinda Johnson Hyde para Joseph Smith. O segundo caso envolve a possível George Harris, que deixou em sua missão de quatorze meses em julho de 1840. Sua esposa, Lucinda pode ter sido ... selada a Joseph Smith, em algum momento, mas a data não está disponível.[1]


Pergunta: Foi o Apóstolo Orson Hyde enviado a uma missão para dedicar Israel para que Joseph pudesse secretamente casar-se com sua esposa, Marinda Hyde, enquanto estava longe?

Orson estava envolvido brevemente com apostasia em Far West, no outono de 1838, mas havia retornado à Igreja pelo mar 1839

Nancy casou futuro apóstolo Orson Hyde em 4 de setembro de 1834. Ele foi envolvido brevemente com apostasia em Far West, no outono de 1838, mas havia retornado à Igreja pelo mar 1839 na sequência de uma visão dramática em que ele viu a consequência da rebelião continuou. [2]

Marinda foi selada a Joseph em abril de 1842, enquanto Orson estava em uma missão. Existem apenas contas antagônicos desta vedação. [3] Dos quatro relatórios, dois alegação de que Orson estava ciente da vedação, e dois alegação de que ele não era.

Orson tinha sido em sua missão por cerca de um ano antes da selagem

É importante notar que Orson estava em sua missão por cerca de um ano antes da selagem - ele partiu em 15 de abril de 1840, e gostaria de voltar 07 de dezembro de 1842. Há duas datas disponíveis para sua vedação para Joseph - ou abril / Primavera 1842, ou mai 1843.[4] Assim, mesmo com a data mais antiga de vedação, Orson tinha ido embora há quase dois anos antes da selagem de Joseph para Nancy.

Este atraso não se encaixa bem com a alegação de que um Joseph sexualmente agressiva simplesmente queria que seus rivais masculinos fora do caminho.

O Hydes se divorciaram em 1870, mas Marinda foi selado para Orson após a morte de Joseph

O Hydes foram ao divórcio em 1870: "As razões precisas para o divórcio não são conhecidos, mas parece que Orson estava dando maior parte de sua atenção para suas esposas mais jovens neste momento." [5]

Exclusivo para o casamento do Hyde é o fato de que Marinda foi selado para Orson após a morte de Joseph. Todas as outras esposas poliândricas do Profeta foram postumamente selada a Joseph por procuração.[6]

Dois dos filhos de Marinda têm sido sugeridos como potenciais filhos de José, mas isso é muito pouco provável (verhere).


  NEEDS TRANSLATION  


Pergunta: O que Orson Hyde, marido de Marinda Nancy Johnson, sabia sobre seu selamento para a eternidade com Joseph Smith?

There are contradictory accounts which make it impossible to know for certain whether or not Orson knew of and consented to Marinda's sealing for eternity to Joseph

Marinda Nancy Johnson was married to Orson Hyde. There are contradictory accounts which make it impossible to know for certain whether or not Orson knew of and consented to Marinda's sealing for eternity to Joseph. However, according to Hales, "If the 1842 date for the sealing between Joseph and Marinda marriage is correct, then Joseph may have been sealed to Marinda in an “eternity only” sealing without Orson Hyde’s knowledge." Yet he also notes that "John D. Lee remembered that Orson gave his permission: 'Hyde’s wife, with his consent, was sealed to Joseph for an eternal state.'" [7]

There are two sealing dates for Joseph to Marinda - one during a period of one to two years after Hyde left on his mission, and one after he had already returned

The popular story among critics is that Joseph sent Orson away on his mission so that he could quickly marry his wife Marinda. However, the first sealing date shows that Joseph was sealed to Marinda for eternity one to two years after Hyde had left on his mission, so there was nothing "quick" about it. Furthermore, the evidence indicates that this was an "eternity only" sealing typical of Joseph's other "polyandrous" marriages involving other men's wives. No children are known to have conceived during this time. However, upon Hyde's return, not only did he father children by Marinda, but he also quickly asked Joseph to seal him in a new polygamous marriage of his own.

Todd Compton: “It is striking that Marinda had no children while Orson was on his mission to Jerusalem, then became pregnant soon after Orson returned home”

Fawn Brodie speculated that Mrs. Orson Hyde’s sons Orson and Frank “could have been Joseph’s sons.” [8] Orson Washington Hyde, born November 9, 1843, died as an infant and therefore had no descendants. DNA testing cannot help determine paternity.

Brian Hales notes the following regarding the timeline,

The timeline shows that Apostle Orson Hyde, Marinda’s legal husband, served a mission to Palestine from the spring of 1840 to December 7, 1842. Weeks after his return, Marinda became pregnant with Orson Washington Hyde (conception approximately February 16, 1843) who was born on November 9, 1843. Several authors alleged Joseph Smith practiced sexual polyandry with some of his plural wives including Marinda, despite a mountain of contradictory evidences [9] However, no evidence has been found to connect Joseph Smith with this child. Todd Compton observes: “It is striking that Marinda had no children while Orson was on his mission to Jerusalem, then became pregnant soon after Orson returned home.” [10] They also allege that a second son, Frank Henry Hyde, was father by Joseph Smith under the assumption that he was born January 23, 1845 (conception approximately May 2, 1844). [11] However, his birth certificate and an obituary in the The Ogden Standard, June 29, 1908, “Frank H. Hyde Dies Suddenly,” both corroborate a January 23, 1846, birthdate (May 2, 1845, approximate conception). [12][13]

Timeline of the marital status of Marinda Nancy Johnson Hyde. From the website Brian Hales, Joseph Smith's Polygamy off-site

Hales continues,

If the 1842 date for the sealing between Joseph and Marinda marriage is correct, then Joseph may have been sealed to Marinda in an “eternity only” sealing without Orson Hyde’s knowledge. While such a sealing would not have affected her civil union with Orson, a late second-hand report from exposé author Ann Eliza Webb Young states:

When Joseph Smith first taught polygamy, and gave the wives as well as the husbands opportunity to make new choice of life-partners, Mrs. Hyde, at that time a young and quite prepossessing woman, became one of the Prophet’s numerous fancies. . . . Hyde was away on a mission at the time, and when he returned, he, in turn, imbibed the teachings of polygamy also, and prepared to extend his kingdom indefinitely. In the mean time it was hinted to him that Smith had had his first wife sealed to himself in his absence, as a wife for eternity. Inconsistent as it may seem, Hyde was in a furious passion.” [14]

However, John D. Lee remembered that Orson gave his permission: “Hyde’s wife, with his consent, was sealed to Joseph for an eternal state.” [15] [13]

Hyde requested that Joseph perform his own plural marriage just a few weeks after returning from his mission

Hales concludes,

Whatever the sequence, Orson appealed to Joseph to perform his own plural marriage weeks after returning from his mission stating in 1869: “In the month of February or March, 1843, I was married to Miss Martha R. Browitt, by Joseph Smith, the martyred prophet, and by him she was sealed to me for time and all eternity in Nauvoo, Illinois.” [16]

The details of the relationship between Marinda and the Prophet will probably never be known. If Marinda had chosen Joseph as her eternal husband, she apparently changed her mind because she chose to be sealed to her legal husband Orson Hyde in the Nauvoo temple on January 11, 1846.

However, Marinda Nancy Johnson relocated to Salt Lake City in 1852 and later divorced Orson Hyde. She died in 1886, having kept the faith in the Church established by her eternal husband.[13]

The accounts of the sealing of Marinda to Joseph

Much of what we know about the Hyde sealing is also contaminated by hostile, mutually contradictory accounts that contain some known false information.


Author Date Claim Comments
Sidney Rigdon[17] 1845
  • Orson unaware of marriage
  • Orson refused to live with wife when he found out

Contrary to claim, Orson continued to live with Miranda and father children by her.

William Hall[18] 1852
  • Joseph demanded Miranda and all Orson's money to let him back in the Church
  • "Many jokes were cracked at his [Hyde's] expense."

Very unlikely—no record of others mocking Hyde; Hall is unreliable on other marriages as well. [19] Orson's return to the quorum was in June 1839, [20] putting Hall's account two years too early for marriage. [21]

Ann Eliza Young[22] 1876
  • Orson did not know of marriage
  • Angry when he learned of it
  • Swore would not live with his wife; did so anyway.

Too young to have any first-hand knowledge of Nauvoo, her book's intent was clearly to titillate with stories of polygamous intrigue. Claims that Brigham told Orson that she was only to be his wife for time, and Joseph's for eternity—but this is frankly false, since sealed to Orson in early 1846. [23] She also confuses the temporality, since she describes Hyde "in a furious passion," because "he thought it no harm for him to win the affection of another man's wife… but he did not propose having his rights interfered with even by the holy Prophet whose teachings he so implicitly followed" (326). Yet, Orson did not begin practicing plural marriage until after he knew of Miranda's sealing to Joseph.

John D. Lee[24] 1877
  • "Report said that Hyde's wife, with his consent, was sealed to Joseph for an eternal state, but I do not assert the fact."
Lee's work was published posthumously and may have been altered by anti-Mormon editor.

A biografia de Marinda Nancy Johnson podem ser visualizados no site do Brian e Laura Hales "josephsmithspolygamy.org" (em Inglês). off-site


Notas

  1. Predefinição:Book:Hales:Joseph Smith's Polygamy 1
  2. Predefinição:Book:Compton:ISL/Short
  3. Predefinição:Book:Compton:ISL/Short
  4. Predefinição:Book:Hales:Joseph Smith's Polygamy 1
  5. Predefinição:Book:Compton:ISL/Short
  6. Predefinição:Book:Compton:ISL/Short
  7. John D. Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, or, The Life and Confessions of the Late Mormon Bishop, John D. Lee and W. W. Bishop, eds. (St. Louis: Byron, Brand, 1877), 147. Lee added “but I do not assert the fact.”
  8. Fawn Brodie, No Man Knows My History, 301, 345, 465
  9. Brian Hales: "See also discussion regarding John Bowes Quoting William Arrowsmith Regarding Marinda Nancy Johnson Hyde in Brian C. Hales, Joseph Smith’s Polygamy: History and Theology, 3 vols. (Salt Lake City: Greg Kofford Books, 2013), 1:314–16."
  10. Todd Compton, “Fawn Brodie on Joseph Smith’s Plural Wives and Polygamy: A Critical View,” in Reconsidering No Man Knows My History: Fawn M. Brodie and Joseph Smith in Retrospect, ed. Newell G. Bringhurst (Logan: Utah State University Press, 1996), 165.
  11. See Fawn M. Brodie, No Man Knows My History, 345.
  12. Brian Hales: "Birth certificate available at http://wiki.hanksplace.net/index.php/Image:FrankHHyde.jpg (accessed August 27, 2009). Thanks to Gregory L. Smith for identifying this. See also “Frank H. Hyde Dies Suddenly,” The Ogden Standard (June 29, 1908), 5."
  13. 13,0 13,1 13,2 Brian Hales, Joseph Smith's Polygamy off-site Erro de citação: Código <ref> inválido; o nome "halespolygamy" é definido mais de uma vez com conteúdos diferentes Erro de citação: Código <ref> inválido; o nome "halespolygamy" é definido mais de uma vez com conteúdos diferentes
  14. Ann Eliza Webb Young, Wife Number 19, or, The Story of a Life in Bondage, Being a Complete Exposé of Mormonism, and Revealing Sorrows, Sacrifices and Sufferings of Women in Polygamy (Hartford: Dustin, Gilman, and Co., 1876), 325–26.
  15. John D. Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, or, The Life and Confessions of the Late Mormon Bishop, John D. Lee and W. W. Bishop, eds. (St. Louis: Byron, Brand, 1877), 147. Lee added “but I do not assert the fact.”
  16. Affidavit of Orson Hyde, September 15, 1869, MS 3423, CHL; affidavit was copied into Joseph F. Smith Affidavit Books, 2:45; published in Joseph Fielding Smith, Blood Atonement and the Origin of Plural Marriage (Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1905), 74.
  17. J. GI SON DIVINE [Sidney Rigdon], "To the Sisters of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints," Latter Day Saint's Messenger and Advocate (Pittsburgh) 1/10 (15 March 1845): 154–158.
  18. Predefinição:CriticalWork:Hall:Abominations of Mormonism/Full title
  19. Predefinição:Book:Compton:ISL/Short
  20. See Predefinição:Book:Smith:HC/Short Brigham H. Roberts, Comprehensive History of the Church (Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1965), 2:24–25n12. GospeLink (requires subscrip.) Wilford Woodruff, Wilford Woodruff’s Journal, 9 vols., ed., Scott G. Kenny (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1985), 1:340 (journal entry dated 25 June 1839). ISBN 0941214133.
  21. See Predefinição:Book:Compton:ISL/Short
  22. Predefinição:CriticalWork:Young:Wife No. 19/Full title
  23. Predefinição:Book:Compton:ISL/Short: "Marinda was sealed to Orson Hyde, not Smith, for time and eternity on January 11, 1846."
  24. Predefinição:CriticalWork:Lee:Mormonism Unvailed/Full title