Brigham Young/Creencias personales

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Las creencias personales de Brigham Young

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Pregunta: ¿Brigham Young fue un "joven creacionista de la tierra"?

Si un profeta sabe o no cuántos años tiene la tierra, no dice nada acerca de si puede enseñar las verdades acerca de Jesucristo necesarias para la salvación

Se afirma que Brigham Young fue un "joven creador de la tierra" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_earth_creationism YEC). Este es alguien que cree que la tierra fue creada en el pasado reciente, generalmente hace 6-7,000 años, basada en una lectura literal y fundamentalista del Génesis. Por ejemplo, el crítico George D. Smith escribe que

Brigham Young ridiculizó a los geólogos que "nos dicen que esta tierra ha existido por miles y millones de años".[1]

  • ¿Brigham Young ridiculizó a los geólogos que creen que la tierra ha existido por millones de años?
  • ¿Fue Brigham un joven creacionista de la tierra?
  • ¿El conocimiento de Brigham (o falta de) respecto a la ciencia moderna desafía su estatus como profeta?

Nota: Esta sección wiki se basó en parte en una revisión del libro de G.D. Smith Nauvoo Polygamy. Como tal, se centra en la presentación de ese autor de los datos. Para leer la revisión completa, siga el enlace. Gregory L. Smith, A review of Nauvoo Polygamy:...but we called it celestial marriage by George D. Smith. FARMS Review, Vol. 20, Issue 2. (Detailed book review)

El significado del pasaje es completamente invertido cuando se ve en su contexto. Brigham no estaba burlándose de los que aceptan una tierra de más de seis mil años de antigüedad—Él está dando a esta idea su aprobación provisional e insiste en que mientras que el creacionismo joven de la tierra (como lo llamaríamos) puede ser un problema para los cristianos tradicionales, no es un problema para los Santos de los Últimos Días. Un examen del pasaje citado por George D. Smith (mostrado en azul) en contexto demuestra claramente lo siguiente:

Usted toma, por ejemplo, nuestros geólogos, y ellosNos dicen que esta tierra ha estado en existencia por miles y millones de años. Ellos piensan, y tienen buenas razones para su fe, que sus investigaciones e investigaciones les permiten demostrar que esta tierra ha estado en existencia mientras lo afirmen; Y dicen: "Si el Señor, como declaran los religiosos, hizo la tierra de la nada en seis días, seis mil años atrás, nuestros estudios son todos vanos, pero por lo que podemos aprender de la naturaleza y las leyes inmutables del Creador como Revelado en esto, sabemos que sus teorías son incorrectas y consecuentemente debemos rechazar sus religiones como falsas y vanas, debemos ser lo que ustedes llaman infieles, con las verdades demostradas de la ciencia en nuestra posesión, o rechazar esas verdades, convertirse en entusiastas, Lo que usted llama cristianismo.

En estos aspectos nos diferenciamos del mundo cristiano, porque nuestra religión no chocará o contradicirá los hechos de la ciencia en ningún particular ... si el Señor encontró la tierra vacía y vacía, si la hizo de la nada o fuera de la Elementos groseros; O "si lo hizo en seis días o en tantos millones de años, es y seguirá siendo una cuestión de especulación en las mentes de los hombres a menos que dé revelación sobre el tema". Si entendíamos el proceso de creación No habría misterio al respecto, sería todo razonable y claro, porque no hay misterio excepto para los ignorantes.
Brigham Young, (May 14, 1871) Journal of Discourses 14:115-116 (énfasis añadido)

Si un profeta sabe o no cuántos años tiene la tierra, no dice nada acerca de si puede enseñar las verdades acerca de Jesucristo necesarias para la salvación.

Sin embargo, en este caso, algunos críticos han retorcido las fuentes documentales para hacer que Brigham Young diga algo que es completamente lo contrario de lo que pretendía.

Por ejemplo, George D. Smith escribe que

Brigham Young ridiculizó a los geólogos que "nos dicen que esta tierra ha existido por miles y millones de años".[1]

G. D. Smith cita Journal of Discourses , 12: 271, para esta afirmación. El obtiene la cita equivocada (es a las 14:11), pero podría beneficiarse de la lectura 12: 271-provee la insistencia de Brigham de que el matrimonio plural tuvo poco que ver con la persecución temprana de José y la iglesia.

¿Qué dijo realmente Brigham?

Brigham en sus propias palabras

La fuente citada no dice nada de eso. Brigham comienza remarcando que no le sorprende que la incredulidad prevalezca, ya que los "maestros religiosos apóstatas promueven muchas ideas y nociones de verdad que están en oposición y contradicen hechos demostrados por la ciencia". Para Brigham, este estado de cosas crea una Conflicto en el que los hombres de ciencia deben rechazar las verdades descubiertas a través de la ciencia si aceptan el cristianismo creedal. A continuación, procede a dar un ejemplo: "Toma, por ejemplo, nuestros geólogos, y nos dicen que esta tierra ha estado en existencia durante miles y millones de años. Ellos piensan, y tienen buenas razones para su fe, que sus investigaciones e investigaciones les permiten demostrar que esta tierra ha estado en existencia mientras lo afirmen.

No hay ridículo aquí: Brigham señala que los geólogos "tienen una buena razón" para creer que la tierra es muy antigua. "Si el Señor, como declaran los religiosos, hizo la tierra de la nada en seis días, hace seis mil años", responde Brigham los geólogos, "nuestros estudios son todos vanos; Pero por lo que podemos aprender de la naturaleza y las leyes inmutables del Creador como se revela en ellas, sabemos que sus teorías son incorrectas y consecuentemente debemos rechazar sus religiones como falsas y vanas ".

Concluye Brigham, "En estos aspectos difirimos del mundo cristiano, porque nuestra religión no chocará ni contradirá los hechos de la ciencia en ningún caso. Usted puede tomar la geología, por ejemplo, y es una verdadera ciencia; No es que yo diga por un momento que todas las conclusiones y deducciones de sus profesores son verdaderas, pero sus principales principios son ".[2]


Pregunta: ¿Brigham Young creía que algún día llegaría a ser presidente de los Estados Unidos?

  NEEDS TRANSLATION  


Hubert Howe Bancroft reports a prophecy made by Brigham Young in 1847, but provides no sources

Bancroft states that Brigham believed that one day soon he would himself become president of the United States, or that he would be able to dictate who should become the president. [3]

Hubert Howe Bancroft reports a prophecy made by Brigham Young in 1847. He provides no sources, so it is difficult to assess Brigham's possible meaning from Bancroft's report. [4] However, Heber C. Kimball spoke in 1856 with Brigham present, and we can perhaps see what Brigham intended:

The Church and kingdom to which we belong will become the kingdom of our God and his Christ, and brother Brigham Young will become President of the United States....

And I tell you he will be something more; but we do not now want to give him the name: but he is called and ordained to a far greater station than that, and he is foreordained to take that station, and he has got it; and I am Vice-President, and brother Wells is the Secretary of the Interior—yes, and of all the armies in the flesh.

You don't believe that; but I can tell you it is one of the smallest things that I can think of. You may think that I am joking; but I am perfectly willing that brother Long should write every word of it; for I can see it, just as naturally as I see the earth and the productions thereof. [5]

Critics of Mormonism usually make it appear that this is a desire or plan on behalf of Brigham Young to acquire secular political power. However, the Israelites did nothing to destroy or battle the Egyptians, they simply obeyed God and God protected and defended them. This fits in well with the apocalyptic view which Heber and Brigham seem to share of Brigham's future leadership in a divine, temporal kingdom of God on earth. But this is no more than the faithful have always anticipated:

To him that overcometh will I grant to sit with me in my throne, even as I also overcame, and am set down with my Father in his throne....And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto them....(Revelation 3:21, Revelation 20:4).

Brigham and Heber were a government-in-exile, but had faith their exile would soon end. [6] They needed only "stand still, and see the salvation of the Lord" (Exodus 14:13).

Heber C. Kimball does not foresee Brigham Young or other Church leaders ascending to power in the traditional way

Heber C. Kimball's meaning is clear. He does not foresee Brigham Young or other Church leaders ascending to power in the traditional way. Rather, he sees the end of the world as being near. Thus, he anticipates that the earthly Church will yet become "the kingdom of our God and his Christ"—a clear reference to DC 105:32, which promises that "the kingdoms of this world may be constrained to acknowledge that the kingdom of Zion is in very deed the kingdom of our God and his Christ; therefore, let us become subject unto her laws."

This imagery involves the Millennium or end-times, since it invokes the language of John's Revelation:

10 And I heard a loud voice saying in heaven, Now is come salvation, and strength, and the kingdom of our God, and the power of his Christ: for the accuser of our brethren is cast down, which accused them before our God day and night (Revelation 12:10).

This triumph in which the Church achieves the world's secular rule does not happen until Satan—"the accuser of our brethren"—is cast down. Just as Satan was cast from heaven, so he will be cast from rulership of the temporal world.

As head of the Church, Brigham will thus be called to world leadership when the day of the Lord comes—"President," and something grander. (Biblical prophets in a monarchy would be more likely to speak of kings rather than Presidents.) Early Latter-day Saints (like the early Christians) tended to believe that the second coming was very near, and so Heber and Brigham doubtless anticipated that God's triumph over Satan might come soon, within their lifetimes.

Heber's next words are instructive:

Let us live our religion, serve our God, be good and kind one to another, cease all those contentions in your houses, and live in peace....

Why, I would go to work and make an altar and a heaven, and I never would take any other course than that which is honorable before God; and how can you live your religion without this?....

Well, if it is time for the Government of the United States to cut the thread, we are perfectly competent to take care of ourselves. We would not give a dime for this people to be one more in number than they are. There are enough of us; for the Lord is going to manifest his power and to play with our enemies as he did with Pharaoh and all his host. Now, mark it, and see if it does not come so, or something similar. All these things are in this dispensation, and why? Because this is the fulness of times: it is the time fixed for all to make a sacrifice before God.


Pregunta: ¿Por qué Brigham Young dijo que las mujeres "no tienen derecho a entrometerse en los asuntos del Reino de Dios"?

  NEEDS TRANSLATION  


Brigham's intent has been distorted

Brigham Young said women "have no right to meddle in the affairs of the Kingdom of God". This is used to portray Brigham as authoritarian and sexist. However, Brigham's intent has been distorted, and those who cite this have used presentism to bias the reader against him.

Sally Denton uses this quote, and uses D. Michael Quinn, as her source. Unfortunately, Denton omits the context which Quinn's volume provides:

[women] have no right to meddle in the affairs of the Kingdom of God[—]outside the pale of this they have a right to meddle because many of them are more sagacious & shrewd & more competent [than men] to attend to things of financial affairs. they never can hold the keys of the Priesthood apart from their husbands. [7]

Brigham then continued, "When I want Sisters or the Wives of the members of the church to get up Relief Society I will summon them to my aid but until that time let them stay at home & if you see females huddling together veto the concern." [8]

Brigham's statement about "meddling," then, in no way reflects on women's competence or skills—he insists that many know better than men. Brigham's point is that women have no right to priesthood government. This statement was probably precipitated by Emma Smith's use of her role as head of the Relief Society to resist Joseph's teachings, especially plural marriage. [9] Brigham is signaling that those without priesthood power may not dictate to ordained priesthood leaders about priesthood matters.

The author relies on presentism, since Brigham and virtually all of his contemporaries (men and women) likely had attitudes about women's roles which would strike us as "sexist"

Though the quote seems offensive and exclusionary, we need to remember the context of the time. Attitudes toward women during that time, and even 100 years later, were far from our current attitudes. It is unreasonable to expect people living in a different time to fit 21st century perspectives. Brigham was, however, quite liberal for his day—he encouraged women to get an education: for example, he even assigned several to travel to the eastern United States to get training as physicians.


Notas

  1. 1,0 1,1 George D. Smith, Nauvoo Polygamy: "...but we called it celestial marriage" (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 2008), 277. ( Index of claims , (Detailed book review))
  2. Brigham Young, "Attending Meetings—Religion & Science—Geology—The Creation," (14 May 1871) Journal of Discourses 14:115-116
  3. Hubert Howe Bancroft, History of Utah, 1540-1886, 505.
  4. One reference (Sunstone 6:4/41 [Jul 81]) places the prophecy in Brighton, Utah, 1857—this cannot be same reference as Bancroft's, since his event refers to events ten years before the approach of Johnson's army in 1857. Please contact FairMormon if you have further information.
  5. Heber C. Kimball, Journal of Discourses 5:219
  6. For this imagery, see Plantilla:Zioncourts1
  7. Plantilla:CriticalWork:Quinn:Mormon Hierarchy
  8. Seventies Record, 9 March 1845, holograph, LDS Church Archives (cited in Beecher, see below).
  9. Maureen Ursenbach Beecher, "Women in Winter Quarters," Sunstone no. (Issue #8:4/15) (July 1983), note 37. off-site (Inglés)